Tus qauv yooj yim ntawm OLED yog ib qho thin thiab pob hluav taws xob indium tin oxide (ITO) nrog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, uas txuas nrog lub tshuab hluav taws xob zoo, ntxiv rau lwm cov hlau cathode, uas yog qhwv rau hauv cov qauv nyuaj. Tag nrho cov txheej txheem muaj xws li: lub qhov kev thauj (HTL), lub teeb-emitting txheej (EL) thiab ib qho hluav taws xob xa khoom (ETL). Thaum lub hwj chim muab rau qhov tsim nyog, qhov cathode qhov thiab lub cathode nqi yuav nyob rau hauv lub teeb-emitting txheej tag nrho los ua lub teeb, raws li nws cov mis los tsim liab, ntsuab thiab xiav RGB peb cov thawj xim, tshwm sim rau cov xim yooj yim. OLED tus cwj pwm yog lawv tus kheej lub teeb-emitting, tsis zoo li Tft LCD xav backlight, visibility thiab brightness siab, ua raws li tsis tshua muaj hluav taws xob thiab ua haujlwm siab, nrog ceev ceev, lub cev nyhav, nyias, qauv yooj yim, raug nqi, ntawm cov khoom pheej cog lus tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 21st.
Lub luminescence txoj cai ntawm organic lub teeb-emitting plhis cev yog zoo ib yam li qhov ntawm inorganic lub teeb-emitting dipole. Thaum qhov kev tivthaiv tau raug rau kev ncaj nraim ntawm DC (cov nyiaj ncaj qha DC), lub zog ntawm kev siv hluav taws xob (voltage applied) yuav hno lub tshuab hluav taws xob (electron) thiab lub qhov (Qhov) ntawm lub cathode thiab anode, thiab thaum twg ob sib ntsib thiab khi hauv txoj kev xa khoom, lub npe hu ua electron-hole recombination yog tsim (Electron-hole Capture). Thiab thaum cov tshuaj molecule yog siv los ntawm kev siv hluav taws xob txawv tebchaw, yog lub electron spins (electron spin) thiab cov av hauv lub xeev electron pair, nws yog tib leeg (singlet), lub teeb tawm ntawm fluorescence thiaj li hu ua fluorescence, thiab qhov sib txawv, Yog hais tias qhov zoo siab lub xeev electrons thiab hauv paus xeev electron spin tsis yog yam txawv thiab sib tham, Nws yog hu ua Triple State (Triplet), thiab lub teeb tawm los ntawm nws yog hu ua phosphorescence (phosphorescence).
Thaum lub xeev qhov chaw ntawm cov electrons raug xa rov qab mus rau lub xeev tau qis-qis zog los ntawm kev cog lus siab ntawm lub xeev siab, lub zog ntawm hluav taws xob nyob hauv daim ntawv ntawm photons (Lub teeb emission) lossis thermal zog (Thaum tshav kub kub dissipation), uas qhov feem ntawm cov photon siv tau ua cov khoom ua haujlwm; Txawm li cas los xij, cov khoom siv organic fluorescent tsis tuaj yeem soj ntsuam peb qhov phosphorescence ntawm chav tsev sov, yog li qhov theoretical limit value ntawm lub luminous efficiency ntawm lub caij ntuj sov-tsuas yog tsuas yog 25%.
